CSS - Media Queries

Media Queries

Media queries in CSS is used to set different style rules for different media screen sizes (such as Desktop, phones, tablet, etc).

Media Types

  • all - used for all media screen sizes.
  • print - used for print preview.
  • screen - used to target a particular screen size (computer screen sizes, phones, tablets, etc)

Media Features

  • width - width of the viewport plus the scrollbars.
  • min-width - minimum width of the viewport.
  • max-width - maximum width of the viewport.
  • height - height of the viewport plus the scrollbars.
  • min-height - minimum height of the viewport.
  • max-height - maximum height of the viewport.
  • orientation - landscape or portrait mode.
  • Other includes: any-hover, any-pointer, aspect-ratio, color, color-garment, color-index, hover, pointer, update, etc.
tips
TIP:

Viewport is the area of the webpage that is visible to the user/visitor. It is the rectangular size which is determined by the size of the user's device.


Media Query Syntax

The media query syntax follows this format:
@media not | only media type and (media feature) and (media feature) { //styling }

  • @media - compulsory.
  • not | only - optional (not - gives the opposite meaning of the entire media query. only - prevents older browsers and other screen sizes from applying the media query styles).
  • media type - optional (if omitted, its value is set to all)
  • and - optional (it is used to combine media types and other media features)
  • media features - optional.

Examples

MEDIA TYPE (all)

<style>
@media all {
body {
background-color: darkblue;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
}
</style>
 
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MEDIA TYPE (print)

<style>
@media print {
body {
background-color: darkblue;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
}
body {
background-color: red;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
</style>
 
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MEDIA TYPE (screen)

  • Using width media feature - The example below specifies that if the screen with size is greater than 700px, use the styling; else don't.
<style>
@media (width > 700px) {
body {
background-color: yellow;
color: black;
padding: 50px;
}
}
</style>
 
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  • We can also specify range. The example below specifies that if the screen with size is between 500px and 700px, use the styling; else don't.
<style>
@media (500px < width < 700px) {
body {
background-color: yellow;
color: black;
padding: 50px;
}
}
</style>
 
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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MEDIA TYPE (screen) with (only, and)

  • Using min-width media feature - The example below specifies that if the screen with size is 600px and above, use the styling; else don't.
<style>
@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: palegreen;
color: black;
padding: 50px;
}
}
</style>
 
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  • Using max-width media feature - The example below specifies that if the screen with size is 500px and below, use the styling; else don't.
<style>
@media only screen and (max-width: 500px) {
body {
background-color: red;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
}
</style>
 
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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note
NOTE:

As earlier said, the and operator is used to combine media types and media features.


  • Combining multiple media features - The example below specifies that if the screen with size is from 500px to 700px, use the styling; else don't.
<style>
@media only screen and (min-width: 500px) and (max-width: 700px) {
body {
background-color: orange;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
}
</style>
 
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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  • Using not operator - The example below specifies that if the screen with size is greater than 600px, don't use the styling; else do.
<style>
@media not screen and (width > 600px) {
body {
background-color: black;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
}
</style>
 
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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  • Using comma to separate multiple media types - The example below specifies that if the screen with size is 500px and above or when you are on print mode, use the styling; else don't.
<style>
@media (min-width: 500px), print {
body {
background-color: blue;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
}
</style>
 
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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  • Using orientation media feature - The example below specifies that if the screen landscape mode, use the styling; else don't.
<style>
@media (orientation: landscape) {
body {
background-color: red;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
}
body {
background-color: green;
color: white;
padding: 50px;
}
</style>
 
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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tips
TIP:

You can create complex media queries by combining multiple conditions using and, not, only and using different media features and media types.


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